Tianzhou-9, the fourth cargo spacecraft in the batch production for China's space station application and development phase, is on a mission to deliver supplies to the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 astronaut crews. Boasting several technical upgrades and new features, this spacecraft marks a significant step in China's space logistics capabilities.

Key features of Tianzhou-9

Record-breaking cargo capacity: Carrying approximately 6.5 tons of supplies, Tianzhou-9 has the largest payload since Tianzhou-6. "The cargo holds are fully packed, with some items even protruding," noted Li Zhiyong from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The supplies include crew provisions, space station platform materials, experimental samples, and equipment for space applications, aerospace medicine and technology tests.

Three-month emergency launch capability: A first for China's cargo spacecraft, Tianzhou-9 can be launched emergently to the space station within three months, enhancing the station's operational resilience.

Three-hour rapid rendezvous and docking: Following Tianzhou-7 and Tianzhou-8, it adopts a 3-hour fast docking mode, optimized from the initial 2-day and later 6.5-hour processes. This mode saves fuel, shortens mission time, and ensures reliability through advanced autonomous control systems, Li explained.

Real-time tracking: Like tracking a courier, Tianzhou-9 uses a relay terminal to maintain real-time two-way communication with ground control via relay satellites, providing full visibility of the delivery process.

New additions in the 'space package'

Upgraded feitian extravehicular spacesuits: Two new suits (designated D and E) feature improved durability, with their service life extended from 3 years/15 uses to 4 years/20 uses. This upgrade is based on data from 21 extravehicular activities (42 astronaut participations) and ground tests, establishing a comprehensive lifespan evaluation system. Looking ahead, China is developing the new "Wangyu" lunar spacesuit for crewed moon missions, equipped with advanced real-time operation capabilities.

Core muscle exercise device: A 1.7-meter-tall, 1-meter-wide, 130kg device will be installed in the Wentian module. Designed to counteract muscle atrophy and cardiovascular issues during long-term spaceflight, it uses gas resistance to simulate Earth-like resistance for exercises like crunches, twists, and push-ups. "It strengthens deep muscles rarely trained in microgravity," said Li Yinghui from the China Astronaut Research and Training Center, adding that it will support longer missions and prepare astronauts for lunar surface operations.

These advancements highlight China's growing expertise in space logistics and life support, laying a solid foundation for future deep space exploration.