Researchers have identified a novel microbial species discovered aboard China's Space Station, officially named Niallia tiangongensis, according to China Manned Space Agency.

The findings have been published in the academic journal International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.

The discovery of this novel species was made possible through the Space Station's engineering and aerospace technology experimental program. The research team focused on the dynamic changes and safety control of environmental microbes during the long-term operation of the space station. They designed a comprehensive microbial monitoring mission, known as the China Space Station Habitation Area Microbiome Program.

In May 2023, the Shenzhou-15 astronaut crew collected microbial samples from the cabin surfaces in orbit. The samples were stored at low temperatures and later transported back to Earth for analysis. Through morphological observation, genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and metabolic profiling, researchers confirmed the novel species.